Learning by walking around to another country

All people can learn and walk around at the same time to another country, free.

Everyone wants to go to other country with different country of their destination. Some people think to study there by walking around. The advantages are getting knowledge and knowing the culture of the country, etc. You can take a subject that you like and maybe get cost of living, travel expenses, and knowledge fee.  Actually you can get the information easily and apply yourself if you work hard search it from internet or maybe friends. Many scholarships that are given, for example Monday, October 22, 2012 yesterday, Europe’s given a scholarship program, and the name is AREAS scholarship program. The scholarship is given for bachelor, magister, doctoral, post-doctoral, and staff. It’s opened a registration for ASEAN students. On this scholarship, the register shouldn’t pay anything as long they study there. Even they will get monthly tuition fees and every level has its own detail, bachelor: 1.000 euro, magister: 1.000 euro, doctoral: 1.500 euro, Post-doctoral: 1.800 euro, staff: 2.500 euro.

The qualifications are you’d not lived, worked, and studied for twelve months on last five years in one of country in Europe. And the register isn’t giving a scholarship from another part, including the program from Erasmus Mundus. Besides you must have good score on your academic and enclose your plan study proposal or experience of job you have. Then your skill of language should appropriate with criteria that the program’s given. The last send the proposal with motivation essay and recommendation letter.

Although there’re many criteria, you can think about many advantages that you’ll get. The application will be opened by online and closed on November 30, 2012.

Legal status of Journalism

Legal status of journalism means rules on writing that the journalistic should have and understand about it.

Legal status

Freedom of the press

Governments have widely varying policies and practices towards journalists, which control what they can research and write, and what press organizations can publish. Some governments guarantee the freedom of the press; while other nations severely restrict what journalists can research and/or publish.
Journalists in many nations have some privileges that members of the general public do not; including better access to public events, crime scenes and press conferences, and to extended interviews with public officials, celebrities and others in the public eye.
Journalists who elect to cover conflicts, whether wars between nations or insurgencies within nations, often give up any expectation of protection by government, if not giving up their rights to protection by government. Journalists who are captured or detained during a conflict are expected to be treated as civilians and to be released to their national government. Many governments around the world target journalists for intimidation, harassment, and violence because of the nature of their work.

Right to protect confidentiality of sources

Protection of sources

Journalists' interaction with sources sometimes involves confidentiality, an extension of freedom of the press giving journalists a legal protection to keep the identity of a confidential informant private even when demanded by police or prosecutors; withholding sources can land journalists in contempt of court, or in jail.In the United States, there is no right to protect sources in a federal court. However, federal courts will refuse to force journalists to reveal sources, unless the information the court seeks is highly relevant to the case and there's no other way to get it. State courts provide varying degrees of such protection. Journalists who refuse to testify even when ordered to can be found in contempt of court and fined or jailed.

Professional and ethical standards

In the UK, all newspapers are bound by the Code of Practice of the Press Complaints Commission.This includes points like respecting people's privacy and ensuring accuracy. However, the Media Standards Trust has criticised the PCC, claiming it needs to be radically changed to secure public trust of newspapers.
This is in stark contrast to the media climate prior to the 20th century, where the media market was dominated by smaller newspapers and pamphleteers who usually had an overt and often radical agenda, with no presumption of balance or objectivity.

Failing to uphold standards

Such a code of conduct can, in the real world, be difficult to uphold consistently. Journalists who believe they are being fair or objective may give biased accounts—by reporting selectively, trusting too much to anecdote, or giving a partial explanation of actions. Even in routine reporting, bias can creep into a story through a reporter's choice of facts to summarize, or through failure to check enough sources, hear and report dissenting voices, or seek fresh perspectives.
A news organization's budget inevitably reflects decision-making about what news to cover, for what audience, and in what depth. Those decisions may reflect conscious or unconscious bias. When budgets are cut, editors may sacrifice reporters in distant news bureaus, reduce the number of staff assigned to low-income areas, or wipe entire communities from the publication's zone of interest.

Publishers, owners and other corporate executives, especially advertising sales executives, can try to use their powers over journalists to influence how news is reported and published. Journalists usually rely on top management to create and maintain a "firewall" between the news and other departments in a news organization to prevent undue influence on the news department. One journalism magazine, Columbia Journal Review , has made it a practice to reveal examples of executives who try to influence news coverage, of executives who do not abuse their powers over journalists, and of journalists who resist such pressures.

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalism

The history of Journalism

   Johann Carolus’s Relation aller Fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen Historien, published in 1605 in Strassburg, is often recognized as the first newspaper. The first successful English daily, the Daily Courant, was published from 1702 to 1735. The first dedicated school for journalism, Missouri School of Journalism, was founded in 1908 in the United States of America by Walter Williams.

In the 1920s, as modern journalism was just taking form, writer Walter Lippmann and American philosopher John Dewey debated over the role of journalism in a democracy. Their differing philosophies still characterize a debate about the role of journalism in society and the nation-state.

  Lippmann understood that journalism's role at the time was to act as a mediator or translator between the public and policy making elites. The public needed someone to interpret the decisions or concerns of the elite to make the information plain and simple.

In Lippman's world, the journalist's role was to inform the public of what the elites were doing. It was also to act as a watchdog over the elites, as the public had the final say with their votes. Effectively that kept the public at the bottom of the power chain, catching the flow of information that is handed down from experts/elites.

    In "Liberty and the News" (1919) and "Public Opinion" (1921) Lippmann expressed the hope that liberty could be redefined to take account of the scientific and historical perspective and that public opinion could be managed by a system of intelligence in and out of government

Dewey, on the other hand, believed the public was not only capable of understanding the issues created or responded to by the elite, it was in the public forum that decisions should be made after discussion and debate. When issues were thoroughly vetted, then the best ideas would bubble to the surface. Dewey believed journalists should do more than simply pass on information. He believed they should weigh the consequences of the policies being enacted. Over time, his idea has been implemented in various degrees, and is more commonly known as "community journalism".

    This concept of community journalism is at the centre of new developments in journalism. In this new paradigm, journalists are able to engage citizens and the experts/elites in the proposition and generation of content. It's important to note that while there is an assumption of equality, Dewey still celebrates expertise. Dewey believes the shared knowledge of many is far superior to a single individual's knowledge. Experts and scholars are welcome in Dewey's framework, but there is not the hierarchical structure present in Lippman's understanding of journalism and society. According to Dewey, conversation, debate, and dialogue lie at the heart of a democracy.

   While Lippman's journalistic philosophy might be more acceptable to government leaders, Dewey's approach is a better description of how many journalists see their role in society, and, in turn, how much of society expects journalists to function. Americans, for example, may criticize some of the excesses committed by journalists, but they tend to expect journalists to serve as watchdogs on government, businesses and actors, enabling people to make informed decisions on the issues of the time.

 source : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalism

Journalism and New Media

Hiiiiii.. This is my first video that I put on social media :). And it tells about "journalism and new media". For everyone who wanna know what's that, just visit the link and watch it. This is the link www.youtube.com/watch?v=CnxUvWkvvpw

Ok. tenx for watching :)